5. Conclusions

Tomorrow's mobility will have to deal with the problems of congestion, energy scarcity and limiting pollution emissions. Intelligent multimodal mobility can be an objective shared by all cities in France and elsewhere.

Such an objective involves many players: first and foremost, those who define mobility and buy its components, those who produce the services on a daily basis, but also those who use them and are asked to respect the rules... and pay for part of it, assuming that those who pay for the rest agree to continue doing so. When intelligent transport systems were simply more efficient tools for providing services that were well known to everyone, it was enough to talk about them to a few dozen people in a country like France.

This is no longer the case today, where digital technology is already in the hands of millions of people,...