3. Environment and vehicles for urban logistics

3.1 Carbon footprints and local pollutants

A major part of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in cities is covered in this chapter.

Logistics have a negative impact on the local environment: noise, NOx and particulate emissions from delivery trucks, the aesthetic impact of warehouses, and their impact on land. Logistics-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are also very significant. Overall, logistics accounts for 8-10% of global GHG emissions. Goods transport accounts for some 80-90% of these emissions, and real estate activities (warehouse operations) for 10-20%.

According to the International Transport Forum, freight transport in OECD countries accounted for a third of total CO ₂ ...