Conclusion

Adapting restoration methods to the specific context of brownfield sites (urban, industrial) is essential for maintaining a balance between technical management, financial costs, and respect for ecological dynamics. Indeed, each site presents its own constraints and opportunities regarding biodiversity, and one should not attempt to force an impossible outcome but rather prioritize the resilience and spontaneity of ecological processes. Renaturation, far from being limited to simply “repairing” degraded areas, must be a thoughtful, integrated process that respects ecological particularities. It must be part of a broader land-management strategy (green and blue infrastructure, needs of users and stakeholders), in which every action contributes to strengthening the resilience of ecosystems and our living environments in the face of climate change and to preserving biodiversity. The creation...