Energy storage through sea water pumping

By the middle of the century world energy needs will be above 100,000 TWh/annum. Considering all other sources are limited intermittent energies and notably solar and wind ones will have to supply around 50,000 TWh/annum mostly under the form of electricity. A part of this energy, that of around 20 hours,will have to be stored. A twenty hour storage time will be essential for a part of this energy. The PSP energy storage process i.e. pumping water between two large reservoirs placed at different levels appears to be the best solution. The capacity of the existing 400 PSP already stands at 150 GW, which are mostly located between two artificial mountain lakes. As future need will reach over 2,000 GW, marine PSPs using sea water will also be necessary notably in countries of a flat contoured nature. The article presents an analysis of related solutions as well as their probable use in France.