1. Introduction

1.1 The foundations of traceability

The observation of nature fascinates man, who wonders about its genesis, its evolution, its diversity, its aesthetics, its brutality... Artists like the painter Michel Biot tirelessly pursue this quest through the representation of "elements", analyzing the countless static and animated manifestations of a world that welcomes us or that we imagine. Quantum physics has humbled us in our relationship with an entirely subjective reality, which Teilhard de Chardin and Tom Stonier positioned on an optimistic continuum from a Big Bang of unformed energetic expression, devoid of spirituality or knowledge, to a purely informational destiny of zero entropy. The epistemologist Karl Popper, for his part, calls for modesty in the face of objective knowledge,...