1. Quality issues

1.1 From quality control to quality management

Originally, quality meant artistic beauty and craftsmanship.

In France, a production control service was set up for the army under the reign of Louis XI, and a similar service was created for the navy – "la Royale" – under the reign of Louis XIV, on April 15, 1689:

"If our factories impose the superior quality of our products, foreigners will find it to their advantage to buy in France, and their money will flow into the kingdom" (August 3, 1664 – COLBERT ).

This final control process developed with Taylorism (the system of work organization, time control and worker remuneration established by Frederick Winslow Taylor). Before presenting his supply to the customer...