12. Conclusion

Designing means transforming specified requirements into characteristics. Specification standards express the objectives to be achieved, and as a result, they carry increasing weight in business management, as they are increasingly translated into contractual or non-contractual legal obligations. Design and development processes are therefore impacted.

But beyond the product, technical standards are increasingly concerned with management and relations between individuals and legal entities, both public and private. In short, they are building a quasi-legal universe for a stateless economic space that is becoming increasingly virtual with the Internet. It should be noted that, while nothing seems to be stopping the progression of standards or conformity assessment provisions, any sanctions for non-compliance, beyond contractual litigation, are a matter for national...