3. Force and torque measurements

This section only describes the integration of this measure into the load machine and the advantages of the various principles.

By convention, the torque measured on an internal combustion engine is positive when it is supplying energy and negative when it is receiving energy, i.e. when it is being driven.

Torque measurement is generally included in the supply of the load machine and is based on two distinct principles:

• force measurement using a strain gage load cell, in the case of a balance-mounted load machine;

• direct measurement of shaft torque using a torquemeter in the case of a fixed-mount load machine.

The common solution for mounting a load machine in a balance is to mount the entire machine body on bearings, using...