1. Vacuum generation
1.1 General
Vacuuming or evacuating a working chamber or enclosure involves reducing (in principle, by elimination) the number of molecules in the various gases present in this volume.
At normal atmospheric pressure (1.01325.10 5 Pa), in a one-liter volume at 0°C, there are 2.7.10 22 molecules and atoms of gas. In a primary vacuum, i.e. at 10 -1 hPa, this still leaves 2.7.10 18 molecules, or 99.99% empty. It is the nature of these remaining molecules (i.e. 2.7.10 18 per liter) that is of interest to the operator, as they are sources...
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Vacuum generation
Chemical evolution
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