5. Evaluate the costs of billing heat or cooling consumption

The billing of heat consumption by the customer enables the operator to cover the following expenses:

• the purchase of fuel to produce heat (wood, gas, fuel oil) or the purchase of heat directly from a third party (waste heat from a MWIP, heat from another network, etc.);

• operating and maintenance expenses related to the personnel required to operate the central heating plants, the electricity needed to run the distribution network auxiliaries, the replacement of faulty parts, etc. ;

• depreciation of equipment (boiler rooms, boilers, pipes) and installation.

The variable part of the billing cost, known as R1, covers the purchase of fuel (heat/energy). It is calculated by multiplying the customer's consumption by the price of heat (€/MWh)....