2. Structuring and organizing an M&V plan within the framework of the IPMVP

Energy savings cannot be directly measured, as savings represent the absence of energy demand or consumption. Instead, savings are determined by comparing measured consumption or demand before and after the implementation of a program, making appropriate adjustments for any change in condition.

As an example of the savings evaluation process, the following figure shows the energy history of an industrial boiler, before and after the installation of an energy conservation measure (ECM) to recover heat from exhaust vapours. The plant's production increased at the same time as the ECA was installed.