4. How much energy is needed to heat a passive house?

In a traditional building, heating is used to compensate for heat loss, whatever its origin. In passive buildings, reinforced insulation combined with double-flow ventilation limits heat loss. But in winter, the heat emitted by the sun and that produced by everyday activities are not enough to guarantee ideal thermal comfort. Even if its use must remain controlled, supplementary heating remains essential, contrary to what some magazines may claim. Passive buildings are, above all, environmentally friendly. The choice of auxiliary heating must obviously respect this principle. Heating systems that use non-renewable energy sources should be avoided. And since the criterion of a maximum consumption requirement of 15 kWh/m ² /year applies, the choice of auxiliary heating system is limited to the following appliances.