2. Concreting in cold weather
2.1 Freezing behavior of fresh concrete
Low temperatures have a detrimental effect on the characteristics of young concretes, and the damage caused can also be felt in older concretes. Low temperatures slow down setting and hardening reactions, and these slowdowns are most marked below 5°C.
At sub-zero temperatures, the damage caused to fresh, young concrete is not recoverable, as the water in the concrete, by freezing, disorganizes or destroys the instant structure of the concrete, with a definitive reduction in mechanical performance and a sharp increase in permeability.
Repeated freezing and thawing cycles on young, still damp concrete reduce its mechanical performance as the water required...
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Concreting in cold weather
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Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Repair and reinforcement of concrete and masonry structures – shotcrete. - NF P 95-102 -
- Project concrete – Part 1: Definitions, specifications and compliance. - NF EN 14487-1 -
- Shotcrete – Part 2: Execution. - NF EN 14487-2 -
- Shotcrete tests – Part 1: sampling of fresh and hardened concrete. - NF EN 14488-1 -
- Shotcrete tests – Part 2: early age compressive strength of shotcrete. -...
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ASQUAPRO – Association for the quality of concrete spraying
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