7. Fire and explosion risks throughout the life cycle of a battery

Since July 2023, European Directive 2023/1542 has required the gradual implementation of a mandatory digital battery passport. This passport will contain, among other things, data relating to SOH, carbon footprint, critical raw material content, and conditions of use. One of its objectives is to facilitate traceability, second life, and safety during transport or recycling. It will play a crucial role in monitoring fire/explosion risks throughout the life cycle by providing information on the condition of the battery and its history (shocks, deep discharges, temperature, etc.). The risks associated with battery fire or explosion are not limited to their use phase. They must be considered from the early stages of the value chain through to end of life.

Anticipating fire risks throughout the life cycle requires an integrated approach, involving technical, regulatory,...