10. Glossary

BMS (Battery Management System)

Electronic battery monitoring system that continuously measures and controls voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge/health (SOC/SOH). It balances cells, detects drifts, and can trigger safety actions (power limitation, contactor shutdown, alerts) or even predictive strategies.

Cell

Basic electrochemical unit that converts chemical energy into electricity. It comprises an anode, cathode, separator, and electrolyte, in a casing (pouch, cylindrical, prismatic) often equipped with a safety vent.

Module

Assembly of several cells connected in series and/or parallel to achieve a target voltage/capacity. It incorporates connectors, sensors (temperature, voltage), balancing (passive/active), and sometimes a cooling interface and...