Conclusion

As the reader will have gathered, the boundaries between the three ecosystems presented in this dossier are porous, and constantly shifting in the face of economic fluctuations in sectors such as print media, publishing, recorded music and telecommunications.

• The Vivendi media group has made a name for itself in the convergence of audiovisual and electronic communications, with the creation of SFR (1987) in the telecommunications ecosystem, and the acquisition of the Canal+ TV channel (1994) and Universal Music Group (2000) in the cultural industries ecosystem. In 2013, however, Vivendi announced its withdrawal from part of its telecommunications business with the sale of its subsidiary SFR to Altice, marking a new repositioning of the group's activities.

• In the 2000s, telecom network...