1. Context

In electrical engineering, liquids are used either as fillers for electrical equipment (transformers, for example), or as impregnants for solid insulation (capacitors, cables, etc.). In the latter case, the liquid mainly plays a dielectric role.

In the field of power electronics and the semiconductor industry, where the main problem is the evacuation of heat losses, liquids (e.g. fluorinated hydrocarbons) are used as dielectric coolants. They are also used to cool supercomputers and data centers.

Liquid dielectrics are also used in special-purpose equipment: circuit breakers, on-load controllers, compressors, special-purpose electric motors, electrostatic generators, coils for electromagnets, particle gas pedals, thyristors, etc. They can also be used as a liquid for electrical discharge machining (EDM). They can also be used as EDM fluids....