Overview
ABSTRACT
Extremely numerous, iron ores represent the basic material in steelmaking. However, only a limited number of them are used as a source of iron. Their natural environment (geochemistry, mineralogy, geology) as well as their classification and their technical characteristics are exposed in detail in this article. Other non-energy raw mineral materials can be used in steelmaking, but only if they are not subject to significant transformations. Manganese ores are examined, as well as fluxes and other mineral additives.
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Read the articleAUTHOR
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Jacques ASTIER: Former Director of the French Iron and Steel Research Institute (IRSID) - Consulting engineer - This edition is an update of the article by P. Salesse, published in this treatise in 1989 and modified by Jacques Blondeau in 2004.
INTRODUCTION
There are many iron-bearing ores, but only a limited number of them are used as sources of iron.
The first and most important part of this study is devoted to iron ores, which, in terms of tonnage, constitute the basic raw material for the steel industry. The second part briefly describes the other non-energy mineral raw materials that can be used directly by the iron and steel industry, with the exception of those that undergo significant transformation before being used in the form of ferroalloys, addition or lining metals, refractories, etc.
The ores are first described in their natural environment: how is iron distributed on the earth's surface (geochemistry), what form does it take (mineralogy), how does it accumulate (geology)? We then examine the main technical characteristics of the ores in relation to their use as raw materials in the iron and steel industry.
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Ores and fluxes
Iron ore
Bibliography
References
Norms and Standards
- Iron ore – Drum test. - ISO 3271 - 1995
- Iron ore – Determination of reducibility. - ISO 4695 - 1995
- Iron ore – Static reduction weathering test at low temperature – Part 1: Reaction with CO, CO2 and H2. - ISO 4696 - 01-96
- Iron ore – Static reduction weathering test at low temperature – Part 2: Reaction with CO. - ISO 4696 - 02-98
- Iron ore pellets – Determination of crush resistance. -...
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