5. Powders
The metallurgy of Zr or Hf powders is rather limited, due to their easy flammability and risk of explosion. Three powder production methods are used.
The reduction of various Zr compounds by calcium yields a relatively impure powder used for pyrotechnic applications, but not suitable for making parts by powder metallurgy processes.
Chemical etching with a strong acid (HCl, H 2 SO 4 ) of the Zr-Mg pseudo-alloy from the Kroll reduction removes Mg and yields a completely fine, spherical powder around 10 µm in diameter. With the exception of the residual magnesium content (approx. 1%), this powder has the same purity as sponge and can be compressed and sintered. This powder is mainly used in the armaments...
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