6. What situations are exclusive to counterfeiting?

Cannot characterize an infringement ( article L. 613-5 du Code de la propriété intellectuelle ):

• acts performed privately and for non-commercial purposes;

• acts performed on an experimental basis which relate to the subject matter of the patented invention;

• the preparation of medicines extemporaneously and by unit in pharmacies, on medical prescription, and procedures relating to medicines prepared in this way;

• studies and trials required to obtain a marketing authorization for a drug, and the procedures necessary to carry them out and obtain authorization;...