3. Identify waste to improve process efficiency

Seven main wastes in information flows have been identified:

• Waiting: information is provided too late, or too early, which leads to rework or additional work; waiting can also lead actors to perform more ancillary tasks, which they may consider necessary but which above all allow them to "keep busy intelligently"; it is then difficult to notice this waiting time, which is "camouflaged" in low-value tasks (or over-quality)....