Conclusion and outlook

Additive manufacturing is raising new challenges in healthcare simulation and related academic fields. In parallel with the emergence of bio-inspired materials, the engineering of human biological tissues from stem cells is developing. If these technologies prove their worth, the development of this type of organ would surpass the level of realism of the synthetic simulators currently available in so-called "dry-lab" anatomy laboratories, as presented in this article.

However, the economic aspect (manufacturing costs, waste treatment chain) and the added educational value should be demonstrated, bearing in mind the need for tools adapted to the level of each learner. Similarly, the recreation of pathological situations on this type of biological material is not yet a topical issue, even though it is at the heart of the clinical problems encountered in simulation...