9. Other ophthalmic forms

A great deal of work remains to be done to develop galenic forms that can be used ophthalmically. Some of these, such as nanoemulsions and in situ hydrogels, have already been described in detail. Others, such as liposomes or nanoparticles, are known and used for other routes.

The main objectives are to

• increased residence time in the eye;

• modification of release kinetics;

• increased membrane permeability;

• improved tolerance;

• facilitating administration;

• protecting the active ingredient from damage.