10. Other routes of administration

10.1 Transcorneal and transscleral routes

Transcorneal and transscleral routes are used to increase the concentration of active substance in different parts of the eye. They call for a special administration technique: iontopheresis.

Iontopheresis has been known for many years to increase the passage of active substances through physiological membranes by applying a low-intensity electric current. It improves the transmembrane passage of positively or negatively charged, low-molecular-weight molecules. Initially used to improve transcutaneous passage, it has been the subject of numerous ocular studies.

This technique increases the concentration of active ingredients in certain parts of the eye. Compared with conventional topical...