9. Other routes of administration

9.1 Transcorneal and transscleral routes

Transcorneal and transscleral routes are used to increase the concentration of active substance in different parts of the eye. They call on a specific administration technique: iontopheresis, ultrasound or microneedling.

9.1.1 Iontophoresis

Iontopheresis has been used for many years to increase the passage of active substances through physiological membranes by applying a low-intensity electric current. It improves the transmembrane passage of...