8. Monosaccharides and polysaccharides

Mono-, oligo- (also called glycans) and polysaccharides can have a linear, branched or mixed architecture; osidic bonds can have an α or β conformation and there are numerous isomers. They are therefore difficult to analyze in CE, as they are also difficult to ionize, with the exception of those with acid sugars (i.e. glucuronic acid, N-acetylneuraminic acid...) or sulfate groups, for example. They are also difficult to detect, except in the very low UV range, and are therefore rarely analyzed in direct UV mode.