4. Digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and analog-to-digital converter (ADC)

4.1 Key features of CNA and CAN

A perfect converter is completely defined by its static characteristics, i.e. its bit resolution and working voltage range. The converter's transfer function is based on staircase steps. For an ADC, any analog value included in a step is represented at output by the digital value corresponding to one of the terminals. The conversion error, intrinsic to the function, corresponds to the difference between the analog input and the value actually coded (terminal value).

Depending on the location of the conversion thresholds, a distinction is made between the nearest conversion law and the default conversion law.

For the nearest conversion law, the first threshold is q/2 above the lowest voltage, whereas for...