2. Essential physicochemical factors involved
There are many parameters involved in penetrant testing: a well-known American designer and manufacturer believes that it is impossible to draw up an exhaustive list. Let's limit ourselves to the essential ones.
2.1 Penetrant
The penetrant must have two essential characteristics:
good wettability: the penetrant must spread over the entire surface to be inspected in the form of a thin, uniform and continuous film, whatever the metallic material (or not, sometimes), whatever the surface condition (machined, as-cast, as-forged, etc.);
good penetrating power, so that it can penetrate all open-to-surface surface discontinuities by capillary action. In other words, the penetrant must...
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Essential physicochemical factors involved
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