5. Deception
Among the various types of fraud, the Code distinguishes deception and falsification:
deception applies to all types of merchandise;
adulteration concerns foodstuffs in particular.
5.1 Legal definition of deception
Article L 213-1 of the French Consumer Code specifies the characteristics of the offence of deceit: "Anyone, whether or not a party to the contract, who deceives or attempts to deceive the contracting party, by any means or procedure whatsoever, even through the intermediary of a third party, shall be liable to two years' imprisonment and a fine of 250,000 francs, or to one of these two penalties only:
1) the...
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Deception
Falsification
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