4. Pressure on cells and microorganisms
4.1 Non-lethal actions
4.1.1 Microorganisms at nature's extremes of pressure
With an average depth of 3,800 m, the oceans cover two-thirds of the globe, making them a vast hyperbaric ecosystem. Pressure can reach levels in excess of 100 MPa in particular locations, such as the Mariana Trench. However, certain microorganisms, such as the Colwellia MT41 bacterium, can thrive here. .
Pressure also increases the deeper you go into the earth's crust, by an average of 0.23 MPa every...
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Pressure on cells and microorganisms
High-pressure food applications
Websites
French high pressure network, http://www.reseauhp.org/
European High Pressure Research Group, http://www.ehprg.org/
Regulations
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Legislation on the use of high pressure in the food industry.
In Europe, since 1997, EC directive 258/97, known as the "Novel Food" law, has made the marketing of products using new processes subject to prior approval by the European Commission.
To date, only high-pressure fruit processing has been validated (2001/424/EC). However, a simplified procedure (art. 5)...
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors
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High-pressure piping and accessories – Laboratory enclosures – Low-flow pumps
Autoclave France http://www.autoclave-france.fr/
Harwood Engineering Company, Incorporated(users.rcn.com/harwood.ma.ultranet)...
Organizations – Federations – Associations
Laboratoires
GPMA Laboratory, Microbiological and Food Process Engineering, University of Burgundy, ENSBANA, Dijon http://www.le-bourgogne.fr/GPMA
GEPEA, ENITIAA, Nantes
Périgourdine...
Economic data
In view of the technologies and materials used, and in the face of reduced productivity, the high-pressure process is still costly, despite the constant evolution of techniques.
An example of the cost calculation for a 300 L batch chamber processing a 600 MPa, 7.5 min packaged product is given in table
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