Cryogenic refrigeration and freezing in the food industry

Overview

ABSTRACT

This article presents the agrifood applications of cryogenics in cooling and freezing processes for products. It describes in particular the theoretical basis related to the implementation of this technology, the elements of a typical installation, safety, the main equipment and their use. To conclude, an example of dimensioning is explained together with the methodology involved and this example is also compared to a more complete dimensioning achieved via a software developed by Air Liquide.

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AUTHORS

Jo ALGOET: Expert in cryogenic applications - Project Manager, Marketing and Development, Industrial Gases Services, Air Liquide
Jean-Pierre BERNARD: Expert in cryogenic applications - Project Manager, Marketing and Development, Industrial Gases Services, Air Liquide
Alain CLOAREC: Expert in cryogenic applications - Project Manager, Marketing and Development, Industrial Gases Services, Air Liquide
Philippe GOMEZ: Expert in cryogenic applications - Project Manager, Marketing and Development, Industrial Gases Services, Air Liquide
Pierre KOWALEWSKI: Expert in cryogenic applications - Project Manager, Marketing and Development, Industrial Gases Services, Air Liquide
Cemal OZTAS: Expert in cryogenic applications - Project Manager, Marketing and Development, Industrial Gases Services, Air Liquide

INTRODUCTION

Cryogenic fluids include gases that cannot be liquefied by compression at room temperature. Cryogenics, from the Greek "kryos" meaning cold, ice, is the science of temperatures below 123 K (or – 150°C) and applies to the main gases such as nitrogen, helium, argon, oxygen and hydrogen.

On the other hand, although it exists only in solid or gaseous form at atmospheric pressure, carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) is also considered a cryogenic fluid in industry.

In the food industry, the use of cryogenic gases is a technically interesting alternative to mechanical refrigeration in food cooling and freezing processes. The two main fluids used are nitrogen and carbon dioxide. This article describes the interests and applications associated with their use.

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Cryogenic refrigeration and freezing in the food industry

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