1. Fundamentals of environmental taxation
There are several ways of combating pollution. The first is normative: texts, whether international conventions, laws or regulations, are adopted to regulate or prohibit polluting products or activities. The second is judicial: the polluter is brought before a judge, where he or she must account for his or her actions and make reparation, according to various liability regimes. The third is economic: companies exchange quotas in return for payment. The fourth is fiscal. None of these means is sufficient on its own to eliminate pollution once and for all; they need to be combined to multiply the chances of achieving results.
Traditionally, taxation has been used as an instrument to influence behavior. The idea is to tax behavior deemed harmful in such a way that the taxpayer prefers to give it up rather than continue paying the...
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Fundamentals of environmental taxation
Tax on energy consumption
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