5. Conclusion

This article has shown that there are different types of obsolescence: technological, social, aesthetic and others. These obsolescences have similar impacts on society. We've seen that they cause problems for companies (logistical obsolescence, shortages). However, in some cases, such as with the GAFAMs, we can see companies using obsolescence as a sales lever.

From the consumer's point of view, certain types of obsolescence – aesthetic, social and psychological – are generated by the user himself, who decides, consciously or unconsciously, that the product no longer corresponds to his expectations. However, consumers are also confronted with programmed obsolescence, which prevents them, for example, from repairing the product.

Lastly, we studied the position of governments with regard to obsolescence, whether it be programmed or whether...