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Active noise control is a process that detects and analyses the pattern of an incoming noise and then generates an « anti-noise » mirror signal to cancel it out. In the 70s, the physical bases of active control were established following the foundational works of Maurice Jessel and co-workers. The developments in the 80s of digital signal processing allowed for the implementation of adaptive active control systems. This progress led to the birth of the first industrial applications of active control and, from the 2000s, to the marketing of numerous products. This article first describes the architecture of the systems. It then details the applications of active control and the main industrial achievements resulting from it.
Artificial reverberation consists of adding to a sound signal an effect that emulates the acoustical reverberation of a space. This technique is an essential component in the fields of audiovisual production, virtual reality, or video games, since it contributes to the creation of a convincing and immersive sound space. Artificial reverberators are based either on numerical simulations which aim for an objectively precise result, or on signal processing algorithms which emulate certain acoustic criteria considered to be relevant from a perceptual standpoint.
Spatial audio refers to the analysis, synthesis, and transformation of the properties of sound that contribute to immersion and spatial impression. In virtual environments - video games, virtual reality -, it makes it possible to simulate sound sources in the space around the listener. In the field of audio-visual production, it aims to capture or create sound scenes. This article exposes the main psychoacoustic mechanisms of spatial hearing, then it presents the state of the art of the techniques allowing the synthesis - by loudspeaker arrays - and the recording - by microphone arrays - of sound fields.
This article outlines some different types of engine noise produced in current automobiles that require specific treatment in automotive engineering. Three families of noise have been chosen: air intake noise, which belongs to the family of aeraulic noises, combustion noise, which is part of basic engine noise, and turbocharger noise, which is a component noise. For each type of noise, we describe in turn the physics, the state of the art, and the technical solutions that automotive engineers can apply. The article ends with a large section on acoustic radiation, which brings together all the noises emitted by a mechanical drivetrain.
Following part 1 "Fan noise - Basic notions and types of fans" [BM4177] giving definitions and basics of aerodynamics and acoustics of fans, this article gets to the heart of the matter by successively addressing tonal and broadband noise generation mechanisms of the different types of fans, prediction methods and means of noise control.Chapters on the acoustic conversion laws, empirical noise prediction, standardised measuring methods and fan installation effects may be of interest not only to fan manufacturer but also to integrators and end users in various applications.
This first part presents basics of aerodynamics and acoustics of fans, including definitions of terms used in this field. A brief description of the geometry and performance of the main types of fans, namely axial, centrifugal, mixed-flow and cross-flow fans, is then presented.These notions and definitions are required to understand the article [BM4178] Fan noise - Noise prediction and reduction methods.
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