4. Gases, aerosols, and particles emitted during thermal runaway
4.1 Gases emitted in the early stages of thermal runaway
Before complete thermal runaway, a phase known as the "precursor" phase can be observed during an internal fault or a slow rise in temperature. In this phase, electrolyte solvents vaporize without combustion, producing a gaseous mixture rich in volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Organic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and ethyl-methyl carbonate (EMC)
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Gases, aerosols, and particles emitted during thermal runaway
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Bibliography
Standards
- Test Method for Evaluating Thermal Runaway Fire Propagation in Battery Energy Storage Systems. - UL 9540A - 2022
- Secondary lithium batteries for stationary applications – General safety requirements. - IEC 63056 - 2020
- Safety requirements for portable sealed secondary cells and for batteries made from them. - IEC 62133-2 - 2017
- Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in industrial...
Regulations
Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 of the European Parliament and of the Council of July 12, 2023 on batteries and waste batteries and repealing Directive 2006/66/EC.
UN 38.3 United Nations, Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods – Manual of Tests and Criteria, 2021.
UNECE R100, Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to specific requirements...
Directory
Laboratories
Efectis France: http://www.efectis.com , [email protected]
INERIS: http://www.ineris.fr
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