8. Outlook and predictive tools

Current prevention recommendations converge on an approach based on organizational measures, advanced technical devices, and the use of predictive data. For residential buildings, it is essential to avoid charging batteries in escape routes and to favor open, well-ventilated areas, while monitoring the visual and thermal integrity of the batteries. In the case of stationary systems (BESS), guidelines (NFPA 855, UL 9540A) recommend the installation of separate compartments with independent ventilation, as well as the implementation of multi-parameter detection systems (gas sensors, thermal sensors, infrared imaging). Controlled venting devices, which allow decomposition gases to be evacuated remotely, are also recommended. These measures must be integrated into emergency response planning specific to lithium-ion batteries, given the risks of thermal runaway and delayed reignition....