7. Conclusion

The use of nanofluids as thermal fluids is a new field that is still in the research phase.

Heat exchange improvements of the order of several tens of percent seem possible, particularly for certain applications: heat engines and electronic cooling. However, given the increase in viscosity due to nanoparticles, the energy balance remains mixed.

Given the different methods of synthesis and characterization, experimental results are not reproducible between the different research groups working on the subject.

The influence of a number of parameters, such as size and shape, and phenomena at the interfaces between liquid and particles, are still poorly understood and characterized.

The successful development of an industrial nanofluid requires the simultaneous resolution of several problems:...