Nanofluids for thermal applications

Efforts to improve heat exchangers in many industrial sectors (automotive, electronics, etc.) require the intensification of heat transfer by convection [1][2][3][4][5] . So-called "passive" improvements to heat exchanger surfaces have already been widely explored and are reaching their limits. New avenues of optimization therefore need to be explored. One of these is the use of new fluids capable of enhancing heat transfer: this is the case of nanofluids.