5. Phase change nanofluids

Several groups have studied the behavior of boiling nanofluids in terms of exchange coefficient and boiling critical flux (BCF). In addition, two-phase heat transfer devices were tested, such as sintered or grooved capillary heat pipes, two-phase thermosyphons, LHPs and OHPs with different fluids.

As regards CHF, a significant increase (between 200 and 300%) has been confirmed by several studies [50][51][52] attributed to a modification of the surface state by the particles....