Nanoparticles filtration

The development of highly active manufactured nanoparticles has raised questions about the potential risk they may pose to human health and the environment, due to their specific properties (e.g. specific surface area, shape, charge, oxidizing potential, etc.).

A number of studies have been or are being carried out on the health and environmental effects of nanoparticles, but the nature of these particles is so varied that an exhaustive assessment seems illusory. In conclusion, given the lack of information on the harmfulness or otherwise of nanoparticles, the precautionary principle prevails. Effective risk prevention measures must therefore be implemented.

When it comes to protecting people and the environment, filtering air through a fibrous medium remains an essential process. This purification technique is discussed, with a particular focus on nanoparticle collection mechanisms and the evaluation of pressure drop and efficiency during clogging. Individual and collective protection with and without filter media regeneration is then presented. Literature studies and experience feedback highlight the high clogging power of nanoparticles, which severely limits the service life of fiber filters used in ventilation applications, or necessitates frequent regeneration of industrial dust collectors, which often proves ineffective. Solutions to this problem are therefore proposed. Finally, alternative solutions to fiber filters currently under development are presented.

At the end of the article, a glossary lists important terms and expressions used in the article.