5. Comparing the various alternatives to petroleum for carbon-free mobility

There are a variety of low-carbon alternatives to petroleum and other fossil fuels. Synthetic fuels are still in the demonstration phase, unlike other, much more mature solutions such as electric vehicles.

Looking ahead, it is important to keep in mind the relative advantages of the various technical solutions, as presented in the following table.

In conclusion, it is reasonable to assume that e-fuels will not be widely adopted, but will instead serve as a complement to other decarbonization solutions, finding their place in specific sectors where their advantages are undeniable.