Insulated cladding and rainscreen systems - Definitions and application of Exterior Thermal Insulation solutions in dry construction methods

External thermal insulation (ETI) on facades is an essential construction solution for improving the energy performance of buildings. This technique involves covering the building's load-bearing structure with an insulation system, generally consisting of an insulating material and an exterior cladding. ETI is particularly popular in the energy renovation of existing buildings, where it enables compliance with the thermal performance requirements imposed by current standards, notably RE2020. By reducing heat loss and improving acoustic insulation, it actively contributes to occupant comfort, while optimizing energy management and enhancing the aesthetic appearance of facades.

The current context, in which external wall insulation (EWI) plays a central role, is marked by major ecological and energy challenges. Faced with the climate crisis and the need to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the building sector is one of the main areas of action for achieving energy transition objectives. In France, as in many other countries, strict regulations, such as RE2020, have been put in place to reduce the energy consumption of new or renovated buildings. EWI stands out for its ability to meet these requirements while providing additional benefits in terms of both thermal comfort and the durability of buildings. However, its deployment requires technical expertise in all the components of the system (support, framework, fastenings, insulation, cladding, etc.) to guarantee performance, durability, and compliance with current standards.

One of the main challenges of exterior thermal insulation is to reconcile energy efficiency, occupant comfort, and aesthetics, while respecting technical and economic constraints. The choice of materials and construction solutions, whether related to the building frame, insulation, or fastening systems, has a direct impact on the building's thermal and acoustic performance. In addition, the system must be adapted to each type of load-bearing structure, whether concrete or masonry. The issue of resistance to weather, humidity, and deformation also remains a significant challenge, especially in areas subject to severe climatic conditions.

This article will therefore focus on the specific features of ventilated facade insulation, with particular attention paid to cladding systems, which are one of the most common and effective solutions. In addition to their thermal and acoustic insulation function, these cladding systems add real aesthetic value to the building. Their installation, which relies on durable materials such as steel, aluminum, or stainless steel, as well as innovative fastening solutions, must be carefully studied to ensure their effectiveness and longevity. The technical and regulatory challenges associated...