3. Actual expenses
Two disruptive factors mean that the actual loads exerted on the pavement are higher than the limit loads prescribed by regulations.
The first is related to the dynamic effects that occur when the vehicle is in motion. Some of these effects, such as the overloading of the outside wheels when cornering, or the overloading of the front wheels during braking, remain very moderate. On the other hand, vehicle oscillations due to unevenness of the pavement induce brief but repeated overloads, the instantaneous value of which may be of the same order as the static load, leading to a doubling of the effort on the pavement. In fact, these dynamic effects are rarely taken into account in pavement design. They are implicitly included in the safety coefficients of practical design methods.
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Actual expenses
General information on pavement design
Bibliography
Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Chaussées, terrassements, terminologie, partie 1, terminologie relative au calcul de dimensionnement des chaussées. - NF P 98-080-1 - 1992
- Chaussées, terrassements, dimensionnement des chaussées routières, éléments à prendre en compte pour le calcul de dimensionnement. - NF P 98-086 - 1992
- Dimensionnement des chaussées routières, détermination des trafics routiers pour le dimensionnement des structures...
Regulations
Article R 312-5 of the French Highway Code, June 2001.
Article R 312-6 of the French Highway Code.
Directive 85/3/EEC of December 1984 relating to the weights, dimensions and certain other technical characteristics of certain road vehicles (updated by Directive 96/53/EC of July 25, 1996 laying down for certain road vehicles circulating within the Community the maximum authorized...
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