1. Issues

1.1 Requirements

Against the backdrop of the need to reduce the use of fossil fuels, all those involved are seeking to improve existing solutions and implement alternative ones. The use of electrical energy, with its potential for high efficiency, is one of the solutions for reducing fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The development of electrical energy in systems is particularly important in terms of energy efficiency, cost control and reliability in relation to application and legislative constraints.

Implementing this breakthrough requires solutions for generating on-board electrical energy, such as fuel cells, combined with energy storage devices such as batteries, which may be supplemented by supercapacitors for transient phases (figure...