Overview
ABSTRACT
After a review of the origins and advantages offered by the multi-phase advanced electrical drives in terms of resilience and dependability, this paper describes the control methods of the marine propellers from the automation point of view. Then, hybrid propulsion systems are dealt with, spanning the power chain and the control loops. The various functions of the management of the whole energy- propulsion system are also explained. At last, this paper addresses the environmental constraints applicable to on board electrical equipment and their impact on their design.Some prospective breakthroughs such as superconductivity conclude the paper.
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Jacques COURAULT : Former Director of Power Electronics Development Alstom Power Conversion, France
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Paul LETELLIER : Engineer from the École supérieure d'électricité - Consultant, former engineer Société Jeumont Electric, France
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Jean-Paul SORREL : Engineer, Institut national polytechnique de Grenoble - Consultant, former engineer Schneider-Electric, France
INTRODUCTION
Maritime transport is faced with increasingly stringent environmental constraints. While carbon dioxide emissions from shipping are still lower than from other modes of transport (per gram, tonne and kilogram), toxic emissions from ship fuel are substantial (sulfur dioxides, nitrogen oxides, particulates). Recent studies have shown that the use phase is responsible for 80% of a ship's life-cycle environmental impact, due to fuel consumption and emissions. These results show the urgent need to introduce less harmful energies, particularly in ports and estuaries and in sensitive areas (ECA – Emission Control Area – in the Baltic Sea, North Sea, English Channel, etc.).
There are several ways to do this:
the use of low-carbon alternative energies and renewable energies;
the development of new means of energy storage;
improving intrinsic energy efficiency (hybrid architectures adapted to a variety of mission profiles, reduced on-board mass via superconductivity) and component efficiency (new-generation high-efficiency thrusters, auxiliaries, etc.);
improved energy management through the implementation of real-time measurement and decision-making tools (electrical configuration, control laws) in line with the recommendations and standards of the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI).
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KEYWORDS
advanced electrical propulsion systems | control of propulsion systems | hybrid propulsion system |
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