Low-level control
Voltage Source Converter Stations for Direct Current Power Transmission. Control System and Protection
Article REF: D4765 V1
Low-level control
Voltage Source Converter Stations for Direct Current Power Transmission. Control System and Protection

Authors : Pierre Rault, Sébastien Dennetière, Hani Saad, Anton Stepanov

Publication date: December 10, 2025 | Lire en français

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6. Low-level control

This part of the control system will select the submodules to be inserted or disconnected in each half-arm to set the converter to the desired operating point. Two functions are described here:

  • the modulation function that will enable the desired voltage level to be reached at the terminals of a valve; and

  • the sub-module voltage balancing function to limit voltage variations between the capacitors of the same valve.

6.1 Modulation

There are several modulation techniques that can be used to control the MMC. The two most commonly used are the PWM technique and the Nearest Level Control (NLC) technique

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