1. Definitions and classification
Natural resins are almost exclusively of plant origin; shellac, secreted by the insect Coccus lacca, is an exception. Plant exudates harvested from living plants (harvest resins) are the subject of numerous industrial applications in a variety of fields; this is particularly true of pine resin. The industry also exploits fossil (or semi-fossil) resins derived from plants of extinct species. These resins, of which copals are the main representatives, have been chemically transformed by prolonged exposure to the soil.
Fossil resins are resins (hard or semi-hard) collected in the ground at the site of ancient forests that have now disappeared; semi-fossil varieties are collected at the foot of the trees that produced them.
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Crop resins are recent (soft) resins harvested from living plants....
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Definitions and classification
Characteristics of natural resins
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