12. References

12.1 History of use

According to the LCPC source, there are many documented uses for fly ash in the road sector worldwide.

• Since the 1960s, road construction in France has seen many new applications. Silica-alumina fly ash, which used to be produced in larger quantities, has been used in backfill, particularly for medium-height embankments. Numerous sites could be cited, including motorway construction sites. Fly ash was used either treated or untreated as fill, or treated as subgrade.

  As far as pavement layers are concerned, the gravel-slag-ash-fly-ash and gravel-ash-fly-ash techniques are still used today for sub-base and base courses.

• In Europe,...