6. Surface preparation

The sine qua non for successful electroplating is a clean surface.

• Three types of pollution need to be considered:

  • particles ;

  • organic contaminants (fats, amino acids, etc.) ;

  • oxides.

• Particles are removed by immersing the substrate in an ultrasonic bath for several tens of seconds to several minutes, often using a chemical degreaser, but also during electrolytic degreasing.

  Ultrasound frequency is carefully chosen according to the size and complexity of the substrate, as well as its fragility.

• Organic contaminants are removed by immersing the substrate in chemical and electrolytic...