2. Mineralogy
The most widespread mineral species of bismuth are native bismuth, bismuthinite or bismuthine, its natural sulfide, bismite, its anhydrous oxide, and bismutite, the hydrated oxy-carbonate. These mineral species often contain traces of :
S, Te, As, Sb, for native bismuth ;
Pb, Cu or Fe, rarely Te and Se, for bismuthinite ;
Pb, Cu, Fe, Ca for bismutite ;
Pb, Cu, Fe for bismite.
There are also more complex mineral species: multiple sulfides of Cu, Pb and Bi, bismuth sulfides (where S is replaced by Te or Se), bismuth tellurides and tellurates, and complex oxides of Bi, Ta and Nb (table 2 ).
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Mineralogy
Geochemistry and deposits
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